Strange Science: Sweet Potatoes All Over the World

Sweet potatoes, Ipomoea batatas

(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG) CC-by-sa-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

Sweet potatoes come from Central and South America. Or maybe they come from Polynesian Islands. Or maybe they come from both!

Historical accounts place sweet potatoes in these disparate locations, without any clear evidence of cross-cultural contact in the same time period. And scientists have determined that sweet potatoes in both locations come from the same genetic ancestor. But they can’t quite explain how the same plant evolved in the same way in two different locations–it seems more likely that specimens from one location found their way to another location.

The timing, however, suggests that it wasn’t done by human hands. It’s possible that animals carried enough of a sweet potato plant to a different part of the world, or that the ocean might have done the same. But not all scientists agree on the likelihood of such an occurrence.

For now, the story of sweet potatoes all over the world is still a work in progress. But new advances in examining plant DNA has opened up this story for future chapters.

To read more about the studies and theories, check out this article!

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Review of Space Opera by Catherynne M. Valente

Cover art for Space OperaSpace Opera (Saga Press, 2018) is the latest book from Catherynne M. Valente. The tagline for the book–“In space, everyone can hear you sing”–had me hooked from the moment I read it, and this book delivers on that promise and gives so much more.

Yesterday’s-darling rock star Decibel Jones, of Decibel Jones and the Absolute Zeroes, finds his former band on a list of possible musical acts from Earth to play at the galaxy’s version of Eurovision, and the fate of the planet hangs in the balance. Since all of the other musical acts on the list aren’t available, mostly due to their deaths (apparently the alien races are a bit out of touch with current Earth music), he has to get the band back together, a task that is complicated by the way the band ended.

The book alternates between the present day storyline, flashbacks, and information about the alien races and previous Grand Prix musical competitions, all with a laugh-out-loud narrative style. Many people have compared Space Opera quite favorably to The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, and I’d agree wholeheartedly with that assessment. Except (and no one tell Douglas Adams I said this) Space Opera is even better. Especially if you’re a music lover.

If you love music, humor, and a quirky writing style, you’ll definitely want to check out Space Opera!

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2ME2

An essay by Lena Bisset, as provided by Chrissa Gerard
Art by Dawn Vogel


SUMMARY STATEMENT

(Privileged Communication)
North American Oncology Consortium
Innovation and Impact Award

Peer Review Panel: Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Meeting Date: 03/19/2019–03/21/2019

Application Number: IIA201806233
Application Status: New
Principal Investigator: Jamie Minkov
Applicant Organization: Atherton University

Project Title: A Novel Treatment for Hormone-Based Cancer
Proposed Funding Period: 09/01/2019–02/29/2020

Overall Score (out of 5.0): 4.3

Criteria Scores:

Research Plan 4.1
Innovation 4.0
Impact 4.7

SUMMARY

In this application for an Innovation and Impact Award, the Principal Investigator (PI) presents results from animal trials indicating that 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a naturally occurring compound found in pregnant humans, promotes apoptosis in cancer cells, particularly in breast, ovarian, and prostate carcinoma. Under a NAOC Career Foundation Award, the PI performed in vitro and in vivo studies, establishing the biomechanisms of cell death in malignant tumors. The treatment protocol was an IV injection of a 0.02 solution of 2ME2. The data show cancer remission in 83% of mice (breast and ovarian) and 66% of canines (prostate) with no negative side effects. The PI proposes a phase 1 clinical trial of 20 men (10 case/10 control) and 20 women (10 case/10 control) with newly diagnosed stage 3 prostate or breast cancer, with future opt in for the controls. The PI hypothesizes that 2ME2 will promote cancer cell death in hormone-based cancers and plans to establish its safety and allow for phase 2 efficacy studies.

Art for "2ME2"

A panel member noted that any clinical gains would be negated by an ethical breach, including the current gap in the preclinical data.


To read the rest of this story, check out the Mad Scientist Journal: Spring 2018 collection.


Lena Bisset is a research scientist and the chair of the Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment panel. She fondly remembers when all research was performed on male mice and nobody cared what happened to them.


Chrissa Gerard is a writer and editor based in North Carolina … for now.


Dawn Vogel writes and edits both fiction and non-fiction. Although art is not her strongest suit, she’s happy to contribute occasional art to Mad Scientist Journal. By day, she edits reports for and manages an office of historians and archaeologists. In her alleged spare time, she runs a craft business and tries to find time for writing. She lives in Seattle with her awesome husband (and fellow author), Jeremy Zimmerman, and their herd of cats. For more of Dawn’s work visit http://historythatneverwas.com/.


“2ME2” is © 2018 Chrissa Gerard
Art accompanying story is © 2018 Dawn Vogel

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Strange Science: Quackery and Medical Frauds at the Science Museum of Minnesota

Electro-metabograph machine

Public domain (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electro-metabograph_machine.jpg)

If you’re interested in seeing some really strange pseudoscience, head to the Science Museum of Minnesota to check out their exhibits on quackery and medical frauds.

For the most part filled with “miracle cures” with no basis in science, this museum began as a small exhibit in a Minneapolis mall, but has since been moved to the Science Museum of Minnesota. According to Atlas Obscura: “Exhibits on display include a phrenological machine that gauges personality by measuring the size of bumps on the head, a foot-powered breast enlarger, and glasses and soap products designed for weight-loss.”

X-ray machines were also popular devices for solving life’s problems, like unwanted hair or not being sure if your shoes fit. Of course, the radiation they emitted had foreseeable side effects, or at least side effects that we know about today.

To learn more about this exhibit of “what the human mind has devised to cure itself without the benefit of either scientific method or common sense,” check out this article at Atlas Obscura!

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On Kickstarter: Robot Dinosaur Fiction

Robot Dinosaur FictionThe world needs more weird fiction, and this Kickstarter project, which promises a story of robot dinosaurs to read for free every week this summer, fills that niche!

In addition to publishing the stories online, there will also be an anthology, and if some of the stretch goals are reached, they’ll be looking for more stories of robot dinosaurs! The initial lineup of authors already looks spectacular (including MSJ alum Alexis A. Hunter), and the bigger this project gets, the more likely it will be to attract even more talent.

The Kickstarter for this project runs through May 24th, so be sure to check it out if you, too, would like more robot dinosaur stories in the world!

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The Hand of Fate

An essay by Dr. Darren Hinton, as provided by Stuart Webb
Art by Luke Spooner


Extract From The Very-Modern Prometheus By Dr. Darren Hinton.

When I was a student and first started to study genetic engineering, I used to get teased a lot. The never-ending parade of Jurassic Park sequels didn’t help, of course; every time the ninth or tenth film was released my family would join in with a chorus of “So that’s what you get up to, is it?” and “You were so busy wondering if you could do a thing, you never stopped to ask if you should!” style misquotes when I asked someone to pass the salt at Christmas dinner.

I grew to loathe Jeff Goldblum.

Of course, my fellow students were much more sophisticated. “Hey Frankenstein!” they’d shout whenever I or my colleagues walked in and out of the GE building. You could tell the English students because they’d qualify it with “Hey Dr. Frankenstein!”, though I don’t believe for a second any of them had read the bloody book. They were too busy being more successful with girls as parties with their second-hand poetry.

I grew to hate English students as well.

Art for "The Hand of Fate"

The hand! It wanted to kill her. It wants to kill everyone! It’s a replacement see? I was in a car accident last year, and they gave me a new hand! An evil hand! It must have belonged to a psychopath or something! Like in those old films!


To read the rest of this story, check out the Mad Scientist Journal: Spring 2018 collection.


Dr. Darren Hinton (2010-2059) was the senior genetic engineer for the Life Finds A Way corporation, based in Worcester, Massachusetts. Specialising in the growth of new limbs for the wealthy victims of accidents, he was a millionaire by the age of 38, before losing the bulk of it in the wake of the Geo-Ware virus of 2057. Two years later, he died as the result of an unsolved revenge attack carried out by a professional gang.


Stuart Webb has been an active member of Transformers fandom for over a decade, writing multiple comic reviews for tfarchive.com. Since 2012, he has been running the Transformation project at thesolarpool.weebly.com, where he looks at each issue of the British Transformers comic at a weekly rate. To date, two book versions have been collected of material from the website. His hands aren’t evil, just mildly confused.


Luke Spooner, a.k.a. ‘Carrion House,’ currently lives and works in the South of England. Having recently graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a first class degree, he is now a full time illustrator for just about any project that piques his interest. Despite regular forays into children’s books and fairy tales, his true love lies in anything macabre, melancholy, or dark in nature and essence. He believes that the job of putting someone else’s words into a visual form, to accompany and support their text, is a massive responsibility, as well as being something he truly treasures. You can visit his web site at www.carrionhouse.com.


“The Hand of Fate” is Copyright 2018 Stuart Webb
Art accompanying story is Copyright 2018 Luke Spooner

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Strange Science: Space and Gene Expression

NASA has recently been studying the impacts of space travel on identical twins, as a part of their Twins Study. And while they haven’t discovered that space changes your DNA, as some news outlets initially reported, they have determined that even after returning to Earth, someone who has spent time in space may have a different gene expression than they did before, one that differs from even that of their identical twin.

Mark and Scott Kelly are both astronauts and also identical twins. Scott spent a year on the International Space Station, while his brother Mark remained on Earth. Because they are identical twins, they made ideal comparison subjects to determine what happens to humans who spend prolonged periods in space.

On Scott’s return to Earth, scientists could identify a large number of changes that his body had undergone while in space, especially in comparison to Mark. But even after Scott had been back for six months, there was still a portion of his gene presentation–7 percent–that differed from that of his brother. This shows that there are both short- and long-term effects to the human body from space travel.

NASA’s study of identical twins is preparatory to sending astronauts on a mission to Mars. So we’ll likely hear even more about this study and potential effects to humans in space in coming years!

 

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An Interview with Dorian Graves

Dorian Graves has contributed stories to Mad Scientist Journal and Utter Fabrication. Today, we sat down with Dorian to talk about Bones and Bourbon.

DV: Tell our readers a little bit about yourself.

Dorian Graves: Greetings and salutations! I’m Dorian Graves, an author and artist hailing from the mountains of Oregon. I tend to write weird fantasy mixed with humor and horror, though I’ve been known to dabble in science fiction and non-fantastical tall tales. I love games of all sorts, traveling across the Pacific Northwest, and developing more story ideas than I’ll ever have time to write.

DV: You pitched this book as “If SUPERNATURAL were more pagan, more queer, and often sided with monsters instead of humans, you’d have Bones and Bourbon.” What inspired you to write a book in this vein?

DG: When I first discovered the urban fantasy genre, I fell in love with stories of humans and monsters clashing in our modern world and its hidden magic places. Stories where families banded together to combat these threats were even better, seeing as I’m a sucker for strong familial relationships in fiction. As I read and watched more stories in the genre (including Supernatural), I noticed a few reoccurring concepts. Even when pantheons of other deities existed, many of these stories still had angels, demons, and other trappings of Judeo-Christian iconography. Monsters could be sympathetic on an individual level, but most of the time, they were trials to overcome both outside and within (especially for those half-human characters torn between two worlds). And if a romance was going to occur, it was between a dude and a chick, and either built too fast or led to one half of the couple becoming a liability to the other.

For a Dorian just coming to terms with being a bisexual polytheist full of questions about identity and gender, these trends were troubling. Where did I, and others like me, fit in a world where the heroes could fight off evil but not societal expectations? What about those who couldn’t conform, those “monsters” who couldn’t change who they were, who still had lives and feelings under the fur and fangs?

Bringing these elements into Bones and Bourbon came in stages as I became more comfortable with both the story and myself. The Gallows Brothers used to be human like other heroes before them, when I decided making them half-huldra gave them a better chance to understand both the human and supernatural points of view. Jarrod was always bisexual, but it took a few drafts and a particular dream to realize he was transgender and to give him his loyal-but-chaotic boyfriend, Farris. And while the pagan elements are more subtle in this book, this is still a setting where gods are mentioned off-hand without demons and angels joining them, where Samhain is a night of great power, and exorcisms can be performed with witchcraft-inspired alchemy instead of prayers. Even when these elements aren’t at the forefront of the story, they’re still present in the background, implying a different kind of normal for these characters—and in a way, for some of the readers too.

DV: You’ve got some fascinating supernatural creatures in Bones and Bourbon that aren’t often seen in urban fantasy. What made you decide to include some of these creatures?

DG: Overall, my goal with deciding what creatures to write is to ignore the “popular” creatures and cast the spotlight on monsters that people may not have heard of before. I find that by utilizing rarer creatures, there’s more flexibility when it comes to defining how they work and their roles in a story.

To explain my point a little better, consider the vampire. I’ll be the first to admit I love vampires; Dracula is one of my favorite books, and adding an immortal bloodsucker with a slew of bizarre powers can liven up any story. But when we read about vampires, we arrive with preconceived notions of how they work (immortal, drinks blood, avoids sunlight) and what sort of themes will be explored (blood drinking compared to addiction, how to balance short-term passions with immortality and its connected baggage). These ideas can be played with or subverted, but push those boundaries enough, and you aren’t working with a vampire anymore.

Contrast this with a rarer creature—say, the huldra I use in Bones and Bourbon. There are plenty of tales and traditions to draw from, same as there were for vampires. I handpicked traits that suited my story (hollow bodies, superhuman strength, cow tails) and built on those for some of their connected themes (responsibilities of strength, trying to blend into human society with inhuman powers). Readers already don’t know what to expect since they aren’t used to huldra, and as they become better known, other interpretations can open up. Perhaps another author wants to focus on the beautiful glamors of huldra lore and explore what it’s like to “pass” as human without being one, and another sticks to their aspects as nature guardians while giving them fox tails instead of cow tails. All become fresh and exciting, and now there are a slew of new stories that can be told using the traits of a huldra!

As for why these specific creatures are used in this book … well, I’m the sort who reads Dungeons and Dragons bestiaries for fun and keeps an encyclopedia of mythical creatures on the bookshelf, so I already had these beings in the back of my mind. The initial outline came about when I imagined Retz and Jarrod fighting a five-headed lamia in a lavish castle, fighting from gilded cages suspended from the ceiling that had creatures inside—including shining fire spirits, which became the furaribi. The huldra aspect actually came from my attempts to develop the protagonists’ mother and imagining her punching out a car with her immense strength, and realizing that making the Gallows brothers half-huldra worked well for the narrative and their character arcs. The remaining creatures were added to fit certain roles in the story—yes, even the carnivorous unicorns.

DV: What was the most interesting thing you learned about these unusual supernatural creatures in doing your research?

DG: Some of these creatures are so little-known that information is still being uncovered and released about them. Of particular note are the furaribi, Japanese fire-spirits whose escape from a supernatural menagerie sparks the plot of the novel. When I first researched them, there wasn’t a lot of information, so I had to make most of the details up. Then I became a mountain hermit for a few years, and while that’s great for writing, research becomes a mite difficult when all you have is dial-up internet and a set of encyclopedias from the year you were born.

Cue me preparing the manuscript for publication, deciding I had to fact-check one little detail…and discovering that more data AND folk tales about the furaribi have been translated and made public. Followed by me cheering, then racing to fix the manuscript, adding new details and fixing old ones to fit this new information. Not all of these elements were incorporated into this book … but then again, Bones and Bourbon is meant to be the first in a series, so I hope to dive deeper into this lore in later books.

DV: What project or projects are you working on next?

DG: I’m just putting the finishing touches on a to-be-named space fantasy novella, which I wrote for NineStar Press’s “Lost” collection. It follows a group of alien, polyamorous space pirates who crash on a jungle planet with no supplies, and have to survive by relying on wits, love, and mind-controlling music. Plus, this story does have a couple mad scientists in it!

I also have the next couple books of the “Deadly Drinks” series in progress, so here’s hoping all goes well with Bones and Bourbon so the Gallows brothers can go on further adventures.

~

Thanks, Dorian! If you’re interested in learning more about Bones and Bourbon, you can find it on the NineStar Press website!

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When Bluebells Die

An essay by Sidney Bover, as provided by Iris Wright
Art by Justine McGreevy


Stranded in fields of ultramarine flowers, I was paralyzed. The delicate blooms decorated the forest understory, so I, who was unable to swim, could drown in a sea of flowers with one wrong move. I looked down at my boots, but they were hidden beneath the plants. I exhaled. The wind blew through the trees. The thin stems trembled. At some point, I would have to move–I would have to find out if the flowers were poisonous.

I was no sufferer of anthophobia; I just had an extensive knowledge of dangerous plant hybrids. A professor once told me the more you know, the more prepared you may be, but you may also be more scared. I recalled the passage I read on bluebells from an outdated encyclopedia: “Hyacinthoides non-scripta die back completely and return the next year.” Bluebells, English or Spanish, were harmless until they were crossbred with poisonous plants. If I stood in a forest in 1820, or even in 2017, my caution was irrational. If it was a forest any year after 2314, the plants had been crossbred with several poisonous plants, and they would release toxic pollen into the air in response to the slightest disruption. A well-loved wildflower became a wicked plant. The toxic brand spread as rapidly as ordinary bluebells, covering the ground of surviving forests. Without so much as a scent indication, I would inhale life-ending chemicals.

It should have reassured me that my dilemma was a test, but the test was still real; I was still standing in a possibly toxic bluebell wood. If I passed the test–if I survived the test–I would earn my time traveling license. I would earn freedom to travel through all of space and time. It took me years of training to reach my final test. When I opened my eyes to the scene, my first impression of my setting was a harmless forest, but I minored in horticulture when I started out at the university. I knew I could be wading in treacherous waters. If I was clever enough, I could find out if I was in peril or just in a fairytale forest.

The stems bent in lax curves, the blooms weighing down the tooth-pick-thin stems, so they couldn’t be Hyacinthoides hispanica, or Spanish bluebells, which stood straight. They were a sweet blue, and their heads innocently nodded. If toxic, there would be a streak of pink on the inside of the petals. My view limited me to the outside of the downcast florets. If I knelt, I risked colliding with blooms. If they were poisonous, and I was fast enough, I could teleport from the location to a safer place. If they were harmless, there was no risk, and I could move through the forest until I met the real danger I was meant to face.

I avoided the thought that my advisors were watching my every move. If the plants were harmless, the observers may think I was too nervous to function under stress, which meant my license was far out of reach. If they were dangerous, my actions were perfect, but not if I underestimated the pollen’s speed.

Art for "When Bluebells Die"

I moved faster; if they were toxic, the dangerous chemicals in the pollen were already in the air. I dared not blink.


To read the rest of this story, check out the Mad Scientist Journal: Spring 2018 collection.


Sidney Bover entered the University of Southern Antarctica in the year 2578. After studying for a semester with an undecided major, he took an intro to time travel physics class and found his calling. After graduation, he intends to work at the Antarctic Time Travel Bureau. In his free time, Sidney grows potted vegetables, herbs, and annuals.


Iris Wright is a poet and short story writer from Plainfield, Illinois. She enjoys arranging flowers, canoeing, and dancing. Though she often experiments with genre and format, never settling for one style, she has an unwavering fascination with science fiction.


Justine McGreevy is a slowly recovering perfectionist, writer, and artist. She creates realities to make our own seem slightly less terrifying. Her work can be viewed at http://www.behance.net/Fickle_Muse and you can follow her on Twitter @Fickle_Muse.


“When Bluebells Die” is © 2018 Iris Wright
Art accompanying story is © 2018 Justine McGreevy

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Strange Science: Anxiety Cells and Future Treatment

Pair of rats

Sarah Fleming (https://www.flickr.com/photos/smercury98/2684073750/in/photostream/) CC-by-2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Scientists have recently been studying the causes of anxiety as they are reflected in the brains of laboratory mice, and they believe that they’ve located the source of anxious feelings, along with a potential way to treat them!

By studying mice brains as the mice make their way through mazes, portions of which are known to cause the mice to feel anxious, the scientists can pinpoint which parts of the brain contains cells that become active when the mice are anxious.

They’ve also developed a way to shine light onto those cells and reduce the anxiety that these anxious mice are feeling. This could lead to breakthroughs for the treatment of human anxiety disorders as well!

To read more, check out this article summarizing the research, or this article presenting their results more fully (requires access to the database).

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